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    <identifier>10.57760/sciencedb.0125f</identifier>
    <datestamp>2026-09-15T10:40:48Z</datestamp>
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  <dc:date>2026-09-15</dc:date>
  <dc:title>MMFire-Train: A Multimodal Time-Series Dataset for Train Fire HRR Trend Prediction</dc:title>
  <dc:identifier>doi:10.57760/sciencedb.0125f</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:description>MMFire-Train is a multimodal time-series dataset developed for train fire evolution analysis and heat release rate (HRR) trend prediction. The dataset is mainly generated using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and SmokeView based on a full-scale metro train carriage model. A total of 125 parameterized fire scenarios are constructed by combining different fire growth coefficients, decay coefficients, and steady-state durations. Each simulation covers the complete fire development process for up to 1,200 s.The dataset contains multiple synchronized modalities, including visual images, temperature measurements, smoke-related sensor responses, fire-process videos, spatial temperature-field data, and HRR records. The released dataset consists of 150,016 fire simulation images stored in 75 Parquet shards, 1,497,748 temperature records stored in 5 Parquet shards, 125 MP4 fire-process videos, NumPy-formatted image arrays provided as image_npy.zip, 249 virtual-sensor data files containing temperature, smoke, airflow velocity, carbon monoxide concentration and other fire-environment parameters, and 73,108 raw temperature-field text files organized by fire scenario and simulation time.All modalities originate from the same numerical fire scenarios and are aligned using a unified temporal index. The dataset supports research on multimodal fire perception, fire-state characterization, temporal modeling, and long-horizon HRR trend prediction. In the benchmark task considered with MMFire-Train, historical multimodal observations can be used to predict future HRR evolution, providing a standardized data foundation for intelligent train-fire monitoring and predictive fire-safety research.</dc:description>
  <dc:subject>Metro train fire; Multimodal time-series dataset; Fire Dynamics Simulator; Heat release rate; Fire prediction</dc:subject>
  <dc:creator>Xu Chen</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Chen Xi</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Lv Qieni</dc:creator>
  <dc:rights>PUBLIC</dc:rights>
  <dc:rights>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</dc:rights>
  <dc:type>dataset</dc:type>
  <dc:publisher>Science Data Bank</dc:publisher>
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