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    <identifier>10.57760/sciencedb.18986</identifier>
    <datestamp>2024-12-25T14:34:41Z</datestamp>
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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:date>2024-12-25</dc:date>
  <dc:title>Ageing characterization and origin traceability of archaeological amber artefacts via FTIR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry</dc:title>
  <dc:identifier>doi:10.57760/sciencedb.18986</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:description>The&amp;nbsp;archaeological&amp;nbsp;amber&amp;nbsp;artefacts&amp;nbsp;from&amp;nbsp;various&amp;nbsp;periods&amp;nbsp;in&amp;nbsp;China&amp;nbsp;provide&amp;nbsp;valuable&amp;nbsp;insights&amp;nbsp;into&amp;nbsp;ancient&amp;nbsp;international&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;trade&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;cultural&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;interactions.&amp;nbsp;This&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;study&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;investigated&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;several&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;archaeological&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;amber&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;arte-&amp;nbsp;facts&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(Arc&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;1&amp;ndash;6)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;from&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;collection&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Hunan&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Museum,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;originating&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;from&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;different&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;historical&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;periods.&amp;nbsp;The&amp;nbsp;examination&amp;nbsp;of the&amp;nbsp;ageing&amp;nbsp;characteristics&amp;nbsp;of the&amp;nbsp;cross-section&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;weathered&amp;nbsp;surface&amp;nbsp;was&amp;nbsp;carried&amp;nbsp;out&amp;nbsp;using&amp;nbsp;scanning&amp;nbsp;electron&amp;nbsp;microscopy&amp;nbsp;(SEM),&amp;nbsp;Fourier&amp;nbsp;Transform&amp;nbsp;Infrared&amp;nbsp;(FTIR)&amp;nbsp;spectroscopy&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;Pyrolysis-&amp;nbsp;gas&amp;nbsp;chromatography/mass&amp;nbsp;spectrometry&amp;nbsp;(Py-GC/MS)&amp;nbsp;to&amp;nbsp;analyse&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;functional&amp;nbsp;groups&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;chemical&amp;nbsp;com-&amp;nbsp;positions.&amp;nbsp;FTIR&amp;nbsp;spectroscopy&amp;nbsp;proved&amp;nbsp;limited&amp;nbsp;information&amp;nbsp;in&amp;nbsp;determining&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;origin&amp;nbsp;due&amp;nbsp;to&amp;nbsp;natural&amp;nbsp;ageing&amp;nbsp;causing&amp;nbsp;alterations&amp;nbsp;in&amp;nbsp;peak&amp;nbsp;shape/position&amp;nbsp;or&amp;nbsp;signal&amp;nbsp;noise.&amp;nbsp;Py-GC/MS&amp;nbsp;analysis&amp;nbsp;identiﬁed&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;amber&amp;nbsp;arte-&amp;nbsp;facts&amp;nbsp;as&amp;nbsp;succinite&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;revealed&amp;nbsp;that&amp;nbsp;a&amp;nbsp;set&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;compounds&amp;nbsp;can&amp;nbsp;serve&amp;nbsp;as&amp;nbsp;markers&amp;nbsp;for&amp;nbsp;identifying&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;origin.&amp;nbsp;The&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;pyrogram&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;patterns&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;classiﬁed&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;samples&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;into&amp;nbsp;two&amp;nbsp;groups&amp;nbsp;based&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;on&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;marker&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;content.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Py-GC/MS&amp;nbsp;results&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;indicated&amp;nbsp;that&amp;nbsp;hydrolysis&amp;nbsp;is&amp;nbsp;an&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;inevitable&amp;nbsp;degradation&amp;nbsp;process&amp;nbsp;during&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;burial&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;succinite.&amp;nbsp;Ad-&amp;nbsp;ditionally,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;amber&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;went&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;slow&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;oxidation&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;in&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;low-oxygen&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;environments,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;leading&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;to&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;cyclization&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;for-&amp;nbsp;mation&amp;nbsp;of polycyclic&amp;nbsp;structures.&amp;nbsp;This&amp;nbsp;research&amp;nbsp;highlights&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;ageing&amp;nbsp;characteristics&amp;nbsp;of amber&amp;nbsp;artefacts&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;demonstrates&amp;nbsp;that&amp;nbsp;Py-GC/MS&amp;nbsp;is&amp;nbsp;an&amp;nbsp;effective&amp;nbsp;way&amp;nbsp;in&amp;nbsp;determining&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;provenance&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;signiﬁcantly&amp;nbsp;degraded&amp;nbsp;samples,&amp;nbsp;providing&amp;nbsp;clues&amp;nbsp;to&amp;nbsp;ancient&amp;nbsp;trade&amp;nbsp;routes&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;cultural&amp;nbsp;exchanges&amp;nbsp;via&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;Silk&amp;nbsp;Road.</dc:description>
  <dc:subject>Archaeological amber artefacts Origin traceability; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR); spectroscopy; Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS)</dc:subject>
  <dc:creator>Yan Li</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Jiarong Li</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Qi Liu</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>李青会</dc:creator>
  <dc:rights>PUBLIC</dc:rights>
  <dc:rights>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</dc:rights>
  <dc:type>dataset</dc:type>
  <dc:publisher>Science Data Bank</dc:publisher>
</oai_dc:dc>

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