2026-10-12T23:26:57Z https://www.scidb.cn/oai

10.57760/sciencedb.j00177.0001n 2026-09-23T16:40:17Z

2026-09-23 Unified Characterization of HBT Radii in Central and Non-central Collisions doi:10.57760/sciencedb.j00177.0001n en The Hanbury‑Brown‑Twiss (HBT) correlation effect plays a crucial role in probing the space‑time structure of particle emission sources in high‑energy heavy‑ion collisions. For central collisions, the HBT radii are commonly formulated within the out‑side‑long (osl) coordinate system, and their expressions can be derived from the second‑moment formalism. However, in non‑central collisions, the reaction plane breaks the azimuthal symmetry. Consequently, the HBT radius formula in osl coordinate system, originally derived for central collisions, is no longer applicable. In this work, we generalize the HBT radius expression for central collisions to the non‑central case by introducing a coordinate system (X，Y，Z) and a rotation matrix. We present a general form of the non‑central HBT radii which are named Ro2，Rs2，Rl 2，Ros2，Rol2，Rsl2, and subsequently simplify these expressions under appropriate symmetry assumptions. This work provides a useful reference for the theory of HBT interferometry and the analysis of experimental data in high‑energy heavy‑ion collisions. HBT radius; central collision; non-central collision; out-side-long (osl) coordinate system yin hong jie Gong Liqiang Li Jianxin PUBLIC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ dataset Science Data Bank